Gas-furnace installation.



No. 864,545...v PATENTED'AUG-27, 1907.

H; KOPEIERS.

'GAS FURNACE INSTALLATION.-

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25. 1906.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

specification o'f Letters Patent. Application filed Juno 25,1906. SerialNo. 323,203.

Patented Aug. 27,1907.

T0 all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, HEINRICH Korrnns, a citizen oi the German Empire,and a resident oi 30 Isenbergstrasse, Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements Relating to Gas-FurnaceInstallations, of which the following is a specification.

The principle of the recuperation oi heat which is known in connectionwith furnace systems with gas heating of all kinds, whereby` the heatinggases and the air required for combustion are preliminarily heated bythev heat lof the burned gases which are passing out, is theoreticallyto be carried out as a complete cycle only whenI the product of theweight (volume) and the specific heat of the media serving forcombustion, is equal to the product i the corresponding factors of thewaste heat. Quite apart from the fact that owing tothe kind oi the heatrecuperation intallations, Whether they be the so-called regneratorsorso-called recuperators, and the greater or less completeness of theirconstruction in practice, the regard to their efficiency is necessary,and therefore complete recuperation would appear to be impossible, inmany cases even' the theoretical primary conditions for this are notpresent. For example in the case of gas retortfurnaces, only the air ispreliminarily heated in recuperators, as the gas is supplied from thegenerators, which are -usually arranged directly beside or under theretort chamber, at the heat at which it leaves the generators. The likecase obtains in the employment oi heating gas rich -in hydrocarbon, forinstance distillation gas in coke furnaces, as the heating oi such gasesis not permissible, because they'decompose at high temperatures; in suchcases it is only Apossible to preliminarily heat the air.

lFor the purpose oi showing the unequal straining of the heatrecuperation installation, which is'caused by the essential diversity inthe specific heats of the airand the waste gases, as regards the partswhich serve functions differing spacially or in point of time, when onlythe air is preliminarily heated, a concrete example will be here given:For onevcubic meter oi heating gas there` flow to the furnace 5.82kilograms oi air ,with a specific heat of 0.265 between0 and 1000oCelsius, while 6.44 kilograms of waste gas with the specific heat'of0.34 flow off. Taking l000 Celsius as departure temperature there aregiven up in heat recuperar tion installation 6.44 1000 0.34=about 2220calories per cubic meter oi heating gas. On the other hand the airflowing in, ii heated to 1000 Celsius, can only absorb a quantity ofheat representing 5.82 1000 0.265=about 1550 calories. For one cubicmeter oi heating gas there is therefore present an excess oi heat o2220-1550:(370 calories, which escape with the combustion gases; that isto say the combustion gases have a'temperature oi about 340 Celsius. Noweven I if by the regard to the efliciency of the heat recuperatinginstallationfthis excess experiences a correspond.

ing diminution, on the other hand the combustion gases`1nust retain acertain temperature in order thatI they ascend in the chimney, so thatloss is necessarily,

entailed in this arrangement. Owing to the small difference oftemperature, in spite of the largeainount oi heat, any furtherutilization of this Waste heat, for example under steam generators, isnot possible ,in practice, that is to say the amount of. heat which istheoretically available is distributed throughout an excessive volume.It is known that large amountsof heat oi small degrees oi temperature,such for `example as the heat oi the sun as measured by the sul'nmer`heat of the atmosphere, cannot be utilized economically.

Now the present invention is based upon the broad idea of withdrawingthis excess of heat remaining after a recuperation of the heat which hasbeen Lcarried out as completely as possible, at a point in cycle Vthetemperature of which permits of the further economic Y that is to sayupon passing to the chimney, to supplyi a combustion gas which merelypresents the minimum temperature required ior the ascent of thecombustion gases. By this means the economy of the operation of heatrecuperation as a whole is brought as close as possible to the ideal.

In the accompanying drawing there is illustrated, but merely as anexplanatory example, the construction of aregenerator coke furnace forutilizing the proc# css, in` section along one of the heatingwalls' andthrough the rcgcuerators arranged beneaththe furnace, such as describedin Patent No. 818,033, issued to me April 17, 1906.

The furnace is operated with 'alternate reversals in the usual manner.The gas passes from the gas supply pipes a, a, through branches r, r,and enters the ducts s, s; Communicating with heating chambers d,through nozzles t, t, respectively. The gas burns upwards in the iues dwith the air entering through the -collector passage b, serving as freshair conduit in accordance with the position ofits main slide, and-thcregenerator c, While the Waste gases are conducted through' V`the upperhorizontal passage e into the other half of the heating'wall. The Wastegases descend through the regenerator gseparated from c at thel placeatwhich the draft is reversed by the arched passage f, and pass outthrough the collector passage -h which is arranged as chimney. With thechange of draft the operation of the rcgencrators as air heater andwaste heat storer constantly varies.

Now if each bond stone at the place where the draft is reversed isprovided with a duct or if at this place a special heating flue t" isformed, which opens into a passage k separated from the passage f by anarch, a part of the combustion gases, which may be regulated bytheadjustment o the slide l from a passage m in the abutment may bewithdrawn directly.as Waste heat of high value and be conducted beneaththe boiler. The reversal of the draft exerts no influence in anyway.This separate withdrawal may 'also be effected by placing thercgenerators c and g in communication With the waste heat passage k bymeans of passages 'rt shown in broken lines. The fact' that in this caseair passes from the regenerator (which is then acting as air heat-er)into the passage k instead oi actual combustion gases, which air hasalready been highly heated, is Without practical importance. This airmerely corresponds to an equivalent part of waste heat,

the temperature oi' which has been transferred to it. -In anotherconnection the manner in which a part oi the waste heat is Withdrawn ata high temperature is regulated purely by constructional considerations,both in furnaces withv separately fitted regenerators of the usual kindand also in furnaces with recuperators.

vIn the case of coke furnaces the economy of the process results in a10% to 14 better utilization of the steam.

The invention is in no way limited to the example here illustrated, butin accordance with what has already been stated the process may becarried into practice in all cases where the parts of the heatrecuperation installation serving functions which are diverse spatiallyor in point of time are unequally strained. In no case does theemployment of the process entail the use of a special construction.

What I claim is:

1. In a device of the character described, a pair of regenerators havinglines, :i common passage communicating, with the tlues of bothregenerators and adapted to receive the waste gases, combined with meansfor witbdrawing part of the from said passage at tllc point of draftreversal, substantially as specified.

2. In a device-of the character described, a pair oi' regonerators eachhaving a set of fines, a horizontal passage communicating,- with theilues of both regcnoraun's' and adapted .to receive the waste gases. anda duct coinmuncating with the passage intermediate .the reL'cnel-atorsand adapted to withdraw part of tile gases from said passage,substantially as specified.

Signed by me at Dsseldorf, Germany, this thirty-inst day ot May 100GAI'IEINItlCII KOllEItS.

Witnesses WILLIAM Essnxwin N, ALFRED IoirLMi-irnn.

